This particular article posts the brand new AMS fourteen C times of thirteen horses previously assigned to new Migration period, additionally the osteometric study and age ponies found during the Lithuanian cemeteries of 3rd–14th C Post, over 2 hundred somebody in total. The research results corrected the current chronology of one’s burials, plus the osteometric data permitted another type of testing regarding perhaps the ponies from the Migration several months are indeed exceptional in proportions inside brand new context of Lithuanian ponies throughout the third so you can 14th C Advertising. The plentiful study plus greeting an assessment of one’s growth of the scale and period of the brand new horses in the Lithuania involving the 3rd and you will 14th C Offer.
2.step 1. Zooarchaeological Research
Nearly eight hundred pony skeletal remains utilized in Lithuanian burial sites out-of the next–14th C Advertising was basically examined ( Shape step one ); but not, because of bad maintenance, merely over 200 people were right for subsequent dimensions and you will age data. The burial web sites have been divided in to around three chronological communities. A maximum of 21 folks from 6 burial internet sites had been tasked towards Late Roman–post-Migration months (3rd–seventh C Post); thirteen ponies from this period was basically personally AMS 14 C-dated. They certainly were some one chose to the 87 Sr/ 86 Sr research, the results where try authored in the another type of book . In order to identify between ponies (Equus caballus), donkeys (Equus asinus), and you may mules, the fresh new methodology demonstrated from the Johnstone try followed.
Venue away from internet stated regarding the text message: 1-Paduobe-Saltaliune III, 2-Pagrybis, 3-Pavajuonis-Rekuciai, 4-Plinkaigalis, 5-Taurapilis, 6-Marvele, 7-Degsne-Labotiskes, 8-Jaksiskis, 9-Kretuonai, 10-Salakas, 11-Varliskes, 12-Obeliai, 13-Pakalniskiai, 14-Masteikiai, 15-Kernave, 16-Memelburg (Klaipeda), 17-Vilnius.
Most of them, with the exception of 7 someone, was based in the Marvele burial site into the main Lithuania. Evaluation of your own archaeological perspective while the grave goods lets so you’re able to expand relationships of a few of the burials on twelfth C Ad. For this reason, the latest official end of your own Viking months (1066) wasn’t taken into consideration, one another of the calculate dating of those burial internet and you can from the historical and you will archaeological context: no major get down the history out-of Lithuania through to the place of county in the 13th C Post is observed.
Horses off about three burial internet sites going back the newest 13–14th C Advertisement was in fact allotted to the new gothic period. In this instance, a few of the burials might actually date with the twelfth C Offer but are hard to distinguish on the later of these. The brand new gothic pony category also included skeleton out-of horses of several castles and one city of the brand new thirteen–14th C Offer: 25 metatarsals and you can metacarpals had been selected from Kernave medieval city, 9 about Vilnius Down palace, and you may 8 regarding Memelburg, this new castle of Teutonic Acquisition, present-date Klaipeda. I have incorporated horses on payment sites so you can give because the purpose an image of medieval horses that you can, based not just for the people from average burial internet however, together with out of contexts connected with the better personal strata (Vilnius, Kernave) and the Acquisition. In total, the fresh new stays out-of ninety-five everyone was checked out regarding medieval period. During this search, skeletal stays of all the Lithuanian ponies known to this new writers out-of 3rd–14th C Offer burial internet sites have been examined.
dos. Procedure and methods
Many pony skeletons were improperly preserved and you can not the right having osteometric data, and so the amount of people varied in terms of study of what their age is and you will top. The age of the new ponies are projected by the enamel eruption , wear of incisors, and also the top of your own premolars and molars . Combination period of the epiphyses was also useful for age assessment. Withers level is projected out of enough time bones specifications utilizing the fixed coefficients out-of Kiesewalter [34,35]. Horses had been classified centered on Brauner’s metacarpal and you can metatarsal slenderness directory group . Measurements predicated on von den Driesh have been made playing with an osteometric panel and you can an electronic digital caliper that have an accuracy regarding 0.01 cm. Pony skeletons was in fact sexed according to the presence from the dog teeth within the men ponies over 4–five years of age. But not, oftentimes, intercourse of your creature cannot feel calculated because of lost bones. Much time https://www.datingmentor.org/pl/przypadkowy-sex-randki/ bones measurements, gender, in addition to chronilogical age of each individual are offered in the Tables S1–S4. To check getting benefits, we used a beneficial t-take to. Analyzed horses’ stays are kept in the newest Zooarchaeological Data source off Vilnius University, Faculty of history. Pony of Varliskes was stored in Kernave Art gallery, and you can pony skeletons out of Paduobe-Saltaliune III and Salakas are kept in Federal Art gallery out-of Lithuania.